On the Contrary: Inferential Analysis and Ontological Assumptions of the A Contrario Argument*

نویسندگان

  • DAMIANO CANALE
  • GIOVANNI TUZET
  • Damiano Canale
چکیده

We remark that the A Contrario Argument is an ambiguous technique of justification of judicial decisions. We distinguish two uses and versions of it, strong and weak, taking as example the normative sentence “Underprivileged citizens are permitted to apply for State benefit”. According to the strong version, only underprivileged citizens are permitted to apply for State benefit, so stateless persons are not. According to the weak, the law does not regulate the position of underprivileged stateless persons in this respect. We propose an inferential analysis of the two uses along the lines of the scorekeeping practice as described by Robert Brandom, and try to point out what are the ontological assumptions of the two. We conclude that the strong version is justified if and only if there is a relevant incompatibility between the regulated subject and the present case. Résumé: Nous faisons remarquer que l’argument a contrario est une technique ambiguë de justification de décisions judiciaires. Nous employons la phrase, « Les citoyens défavorisés sont permis de faire une demande d’aide gouvernementale », pour illustrer deux usages et deux versions de cet argument: fortes et faibles. Selon la version forte, seulement des citoyens défavorisés sont permis de faire une telle demande, donc des personnes qui ne sont pas citoyens n’y sont pas permises. Selon la version faible, la loi ne gère pas de cette façon les personnes défavorisées qui ne sont pas citoyens. Nous proposons une analyse inférentielle de ces deux usages qui est influencée par la pratique, décrite par Robert Brandon, de marquer des points dans les sports, et tentons d’exposer les suppositions ontologiques de ces deux usages. Nous concluons que la version forte est justifiée si et seulement s’il y a une incompatibilité pertinente entre le sujet gouverné et le cas présent.

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تاریخ انتشار 2008